US President Joe Biden's efforts to persuade Benjamin Netanyahu to halt military strikes against Hamas in the Gaza Strip are plunging the two leaders into a difficult early test of the US-Israeli relationship.
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The two have had other moments of tension over the years, and their current differences over the war in Gaza create a challenge that Biden was trying mightily to avoid.
Biden told Netanyahu in a telephone call Wednesday that he expected "significant de-escalation" of the fighting by day's end, according to the White House. Netanyahu came right back with a public declaration that he was "determined to continue" the Gaza operation "until its objective is achieved."
While he said he "greatly appreciates the support of the American president," Netanyahu said nonetheless that Israel would push ahead.
This is not where Biden had hoped to expend his time and energy.
The president has tried to avoid getting bogged down in an interminable effort to establish an elusive Middle East peace that many of his White House predecessors have dedicated precious time to without much success.
This is not the first time Biden and Netanyahu have been publicly at odds.
As vice president, Biden kept Netanyahu waiting for a dinner meeting after the Israeli leader approved the construction of 1,600 new apartments in east Jerusalem in the middle of Biden's 2010 visit to Israel.
Netanyahu sought to patch up hurt feelings at the dinner. However, after the meal, Biden admonished the prime minister in a statement, saying the move undermined a US effort to persuade the Palestinians to resume peace talks.
Later, Obama and Netanyahu's relationship cratered due to White House efforts to reach a nuclear deal with Iran.
Amid the tension between Obama and Netanyahu, Biden went out of his way during a 2014 speech before the Jewish Federations of North America to say that he and Netanyahu were "still buddies," albeit with a somewhat complicated relationship. Biden noted that he had once inscribed a photo for Netanyahu with "Bibi I don't agree with a damn thing you say, but I love you.'"
In late 2019, during a question and answer session with voters on the campaign trail, Biden called Netanyahu "counterproductive" and an "extreme Right" leader. He also accused Palestinian leaders of "fomenting" the conflict and "baiting everyone who is Jewish" and suggested some on the US political left give the Palestinian Authority "a pass" when criticizing Israeli leadership.
Netanyahu had a notably better relationship with President Donald Trump, whom he praised for moving the US Embassy to Jerusalem and brokering a normalization of relations between Israel and Arab Gulf neighbors Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates, as well as Morocco and Sudan.
Biden's call on Netanyahu to de-escalate the fighting came as political and international pressure mounted on the US president to intervene more forcefully to push for an end to the hostilities. Biden, until Wednesday, had avoided pressing Israel more directly and publicly for a ceasefire or conveying that level of urgency for ending Israeli airstrikes targeting Hamas in the thickly populated Gaza Strip.
His administration has relied instead on what officials described as "quiet, intensive" diplomacy, including quashing a UN Security Council statement that would have addressed a ceasefire. The administration's handling opened a divide between Biden and some Democratic lawmakers, dozens of whom have called for a ceasefire.
Egypt and some others have worked without success to broker a halt to the fighting, while Hamas officials indicated publicly they would keep up their rocket barrages into Israel as long as Israel continued airstrikes.
Netanyahu, in his statement, made clear he had no plans to immediately wind down Israeli strikes targeting Hamas leaders and supply tunnels in Gaza, a 25-mile by 6-mile strip of territory that is home to more than 2 million people.
"With every passing day, we are striking at more of the terrorist organizations' capabilities, targeting more senior commanders, toppling more terrorist buildings, and hitting more weaponry stockpiles," Netanyahu said.
The White House did not respond directly to Netanyahu's statement but said top Biden advisers continued to be in "hour by hour" contact with their Israeli counterparts.
The State Department said US Secretary of State Antony Blinken spoke Wednesday with Foreign Minister Gabi Ashkenazi and "reinforced the message that the US expects to see de-escalation on the path to a ceasefire."
Biden's relationship with Netanyahu could be further complicated for the president by a shifting tide on Israel among some congressional Democrats. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York has called Israel an "apartheid state," and Rep. Ilhan Omar of Minnesota has labeled Israeli airstrikes "terrorism." Biden, during a visit to Michigan on Tuesday, had an animated conversation about the ongoing fighting with Rep. Rashida Tlaib, who has family in the West Bank. Tlaib told Biden that his administration must do far more to protect Palestinian lives, according to a person familiar with their conversation,
Soon after Netanyahu announced he planned to continue operations, Reps. Ocasio-Cortez, Tlaib, and Mark Pocan of Wisconsin introduced a resolution opposing the sale of $735 million in military weaponry to Israel. The sale has already been approved by the Biden administration. Separately, 138 House Democrats on Wednesday signed a letter, organized by Rep. David Price of North Carolina, urging Biden and his administration to "boldly lead and take decisive action to end the violence."
The fighting, the worst Israeli-Palestinian violence since 2014, has killed at least 219 Palestinians, many of whom the IDF said were terrorists and 12 Israelis.
Top Biden administration officials have stressed to the Israelis in recent days that time is not on their side as international objections mount to their operations and domestic pressure builds on Biden, according to a person familiar with the ongoing discussions.
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